Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is the most important economic activity on earth as it is second largest single use of the land for food production and also consumed by the half of the world＇s population. Salinity is the one of the most common abiotic problem in rice growing areas of the world. Millions of hectares in the tropics, arid and semi arid region could be potential rice growing areas but either left idle or cropped with very low yielding varieties due to the lack of suitable salt tolerant high yielding modem varieties. 相似文献
A list with information about named host genes controlling resistance to rust in both cultivated and wild flax has been compiled. These will be useful for genetic, physiological and biochemical research as well as breeding for resistance. Information regarding mutation, temperature sensitivity and the effect of inhibitor/avirulence gene interaction on expression of certain host genes is included. 相似文献
Routine monitoring for subclinical infection is one of the key mastitis control approaches. However, the accuracy of the most commonly used screening tests has not yet been established. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the accuracy of three screening tests, namely California mastitis test (CMT), white side test (WST), and surf field mastitis test (SFMT) for the screening of subclinical caprine mastitis. A cross-sectional study based on 484 randomly collected milk (242 goats) samples from three districts of Bangladesh was conducted for the screening of subclinical mastitis by the aforementioned tests. The Bayesian latent class model was implemented in WinBUGS to estimate the tests’ characteristics and true prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The Bayesian posterior estimates of sensitivities with a 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were 98.60% (95.18–99.95%), 98.28% (94.56–99.92%), and 89.98% (83.39–95.03%), and specificities with 95% CrIs were 99.19% (98.11–99.96%), 99.27% (97.34–99.98%), and 99.28% (97.35–99.98%), respectively for CMT, WST, and SFMT. The true prevalence of subclinical caprine mastitis was estimated to be 43.49% (95% CrI 37.46–48.98%). The positive predictive values (PPV) of the three tests were similar. The serial and parallel interpretation of any test pairs increased the PPV and negative predictive value respectively close to 100%. Based on the simplicity, cost and performance as well WST and SFMT simultaneously could be recommended for the screening of caprine subclinical mastitis in Bangladesh.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study aimed at investigating the relationship between concentrations of macro and trace elements in blood serum, and fluids from small and large... 相似文献
Coastal shrimp (Penaeus monodon) aquaculture in Bangladesh is mostly practiced in a special type of field/pond situated by the side of a river -- called
a Gher -- that is used to cultivate rice in winter and shrimp in summer. Ghers of different sizes are managed in different
ways. In order to understand the effects of Gher size and their corresponding management practices on the production and economic
returns of shrimp farming, we conducted an on-farm study in three small (1–5 ha), three medium (6–10 ha) and three large (>10 ha)
Ghers located in the coastal Southwest region of Bangladesh. The mean harvest weight of shrimp was similar in all Ghers, but
survival rates were higher in the small (50%) and medium (37%) ones than in the large (18%) ones. The high mortality in the
large units led to a production that was lower than one-half of that in the small Ghers (about 80 and 200 kg/ha, respectively).
The total variable costs per unit area were similar in all Ghers, but the importance of different items varied with Gher size.
In the small Ghers, there are relatively high investments on inputs and labor. This expenditure results in lower shrimp mortality
and higher production, which in turn results in gross returns that are larger than the total costs -- hence, a positive and
high net return. In large Ghers, the fixed costs are larger than in the small ones simply because of the size of the pond.
Variable costs include higher investments in post-larvae and labor than in small Ghers, and lower inputs applied only at pond
preparation. This results in higher shrimp mortality and lower production, which in turn results in gross returns that are
smaller than the total costs -- hence, a negative or low net return. These findings have positive implications for the future
policy formulation of coastal shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh. 相似文献
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex wendl is a widely cultivated bamboo species in rural Bangladesh for its versatile uses. The vegetative propagation becomes the only viable alternative for this species because B. vulgaris does not set seed after sparse flowering, which makes seedling progenies unavailable. A low-cost propagation trial was conducted to explore the clonal propagation techniques for the species with two types of small branch cuttings, nodal leafy cuttings and tip cuttings. The cuttings, after treatin... 相似文献
Antibiotic resistance in avian bacterial pathogens is a common problem in the Bangladesh poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to provide information on the present status of antibiotic resistance patterns in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in Bangladesh. Of 279 dead or sick poultry of different ages, 101 pathogenic E coli strains isolated from broilers and layer hens with colibacillosis infections were screened to determine phenotypic expression of antimicrobial resistance against 13 antibiotics used in both veterinary and human medicine in Bangladesh. Of 101 pathogenic E. coli isolates, more than 55% were resistant to at least one or more of the tested compounds, and 36.6% of the isolates showed multiple-drug-resistant phenotypes. The most common resistances observed were against tetracycline (45.5%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (26.7%), nalidixic acid (25.7%), ampicillin (25.7%), and streptomycin (20.8%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin (12.9%), chlormaphenicol (8.9%), nitrofurantoin (2%), and gentamicin (2%) was also observed, and none of the isolates were resistant to tigecycline as well as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. One isolate was resistant to cefuroxime (1%), cefadroxil (1%), and mecillinam (1%) but was not an ESBL producer. Resistance rates, although significant in Bangladeshi isolates, were found to be lower than those reported for avian isolates from the Republic of Korea and clinical, avian, and environmental isolates from Bangladesh. The high level of antibiotic resistance in avian pathogens from Bangladesh is worrisome and indicates that widespread use of antibiotics as feed additives for growth promotion and disease prevention could have negative implications for human and animal health and the environment. 相似文献
The occurrence and abundance of green gram pests were studied during the crop season of 1982. There were six Lepidoptera, four Coleoptera, two Hemiptera, two Orthoptera and one Diptera, of which the Lepidopteran Spilosoma obliqua Walk. was the most serious. Thysanoplusia orichalcea Fabr., Spodoptera litura Fabr. and Apogonia spp. were abundant during September and October, whereas S. obliqua and Ophiomyia phaseoli Coq. were represented most in October. Etiella zinckenella Treit. was abundant during the middle of October to the second week of November. Larvae of all instars of all six Lepidopteran pests were collected in the field, except for T. orichalcea and Manduca spp. with larvae of only the third and fifth instars. No larvae were found in the field of other orders of insect pests, except O.phaseoli and Epilachna dodecastigma Muls. The fifth- and sixth-instar larvae consumed more leaf material than did those of the first four instars. Larval damage potential in terms of leaf area consumed was greatest in Manduca spp. and lowest in Lamprosema diemenalis Guen. whereas Apogonia spp. were recorded as eating the greatest leaf area among adult Coleopteran pests. The natural enemies were also recorded in case of S. obliqua and L. diemenalis. Data on the biology of some of the insect pests are given and discussed briefly. 相似文献
Rodents are sources of many zoonotic pathogens that are of public health concern. This study investigated bacterial pathogens and assessed their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns in commensal rodents in Qatar. A total of 148 rodents were captured between August 2019 and February 2020, and blood, ectoparasites, and visceral samples were collected. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the intestines, and blood plasma samples were used to detect antibodies against Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus, and Coxiella burnetii. PCR assays were performed to detect C. burnetii, Leptospira spp., Rickettsia spp., and Yersinia pestis in rodent tissues and ectoparasite samples. Antimicrobial resistance by the isolated intestinal bacteria was performed using an automated VITEK analyzer. A total of 13 bacterial species were isolated from the intestine samples, namely Acinetobacter baumannii, Aeromonas salmonicida, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica. The majority of them were E. coli (54.63%), followed by P. mirabilis (17.59%) and K. pneumoniae (8.33%). Most of the pathogens were isolated from rodents obtained from livestock farms (50.46%), followed by agricultural farms (26.61%) and other sources (22.94%). No antibodies (0/148) were detected against Brucella spp., C. abortus, or C. burnetii. In addition, 31.58% (6/19) of the flea pools and one (1/1) mite pool was positive for Rickettsia spp., and no sample was positive for C. burnetii, Leptospira spp., and Y. pestis by PCR. A total of 43 (38%) bacterial isolates were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR), whereas A. salmonicida (n?=?1) did not show resistance to any tested antimicrobials. Over 50% of bacterial MDR isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefalotin, doxycycline, nitrofurantoin, and tetracycline. The presence of MDR pathogens was not correlated with rodent species or the location of rodent trapping. Seven (11.86%) E. coli and 2 (22.2%) K. pneumoniae were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producers. These findings suggest that rodents can be a source of opportunistic bacteria for human and animal transmission in Qatar. Further studies are needed for the molecular characterization of the identified bacteria in this study.
